Demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment by income group
| Overall | Low income | High income | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 5,476 | 1,372 | 4,104 | |
| Age at diagnosis (yr) | 69.88 ± 12.07 | 70.15 ± 12.07 | 69.79 ± 12.07 | 0.341 |
| Male sex | 2,864 (52.3) | 691 (50.4) | 2,173 (52.9) | 0.104 |
| Year of diagnosis | 0.001 | |||
| 2004–2007 | 1,482 (27.1) | 411 (30.0) | 1,071 (26.1) | |
| 2008–2011 | 1,776 (32.4) | 462 (33.7) | 1,314 (32.0) | |
| 2012–2015 | 2,218 (40.5) | 499 (36.4) | 1,719 (41.9) | |
| Race | < 0.001 | |||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 79 (1.4) | 62 (4.5) | 17 (0.4) | |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 900 (16.4) | 70 (5.1) | 830 (20.2) | |
| Black | 374 (6.8) | 147 (10.7) | 227 (5.5) | |
| Unknown | 12 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 12 (0.3) | |
| White | 4,111 (75.1) | 1,093 (79.7) | 3,018 (73.5) | |
| Tumor location | 0.108 | |||
| Distal | 641 (11.7) | 172 (12.5) | 469 (11.4) | |
| Intrahepatic | 2,867 (52.4) | 685 (49.9) | 2,182 (53.2) | |
| Perihilar | 1,968 (35.9) | 515 (37.5) | 1,453 (35.4) | |
| Tumor grade |
0.137 | |||
| Well differentiated (Grade 1) | 220 (11.7) | 45 (11.3) | 175 (11.8) | |
| Moderately differentiated (Grade 2) | 846 (45.0) | 193 (48.5) | 653 (44.1) | |
| Poorly differentiated (Grade 3) | 774 (41.2) | 148 (37.2) | 626 (42.3) | |
| Undifferentiated/anaplastic (Grade 4) | 39 (2.1) | 12 (3.0) | 27 (1.8) | |
| Tumor stage |
0.219 | |||
| Stage 1 | 1,061 (24.7) | 265 (26.8) | 796 (24.1) | |
| Stage 2 | 781 (18.2) | 163 (16.5) | 618 (18.7) | |
| Stage 3 | 772 (18.0) | 179 (18.1) | 593 (17.9) | |
| Stage 4 | 1,682 (39.2) | 382 (38.6) | 1,300 (39.3) | |
| Tumor size (mm) | 52.94 ± 50.47 | 53.15 ± 65.86 | 52.88 ± 45.02 | 0.91 |
| Treatment | < 0.001 | |||
| Surgery | 1,085 (19.8) | 244 (17.8) | 841 (20.5) | |
| No surgery | 4,168 (76.1) | 1,055 (76.9) | 3,113 (75.9) | |
| Local tumor destruction | 67 (1.2) | 9 (0.7) | 58 (1.4) | |
| Treatment unknown | 156 (2.8) | 64 (4.7) | 92 (2.2) | |
| No radiation or unknown radiation therapy | 4,637 (84.7) | 1,156 (84.3) | 3,481 (84.8) | 0.647 |
| Received chemotherapy | 2,136 (39.0) | 468 (34.1) | 1,668 (40.6) | < 0.001 |
| % Bachelor’s degree | 34.44 ± 11.02 | 22.22 ± 5.99 | 38.53 ± 9.14 | < 0.001 |
| % Unemployed | 8.10 ± 2.80 | 10.02 ± 4.29 | 7.45 ± 1.64 | < 0.001 |
| Median household income (ten thousands) | 6,491.17 ± 1,591.54 | 4,368.47 ± 535.43 | 7,200.29 ± 1,129.19 | < 0.001 |
| % Current smoking | 18.22 ± 5.05 | 23.05 ±2.72 | 16.61 ± 4.60 | < 0.001 |
Values are presented as number only, mean ± standard deviation, or number (%).
a)Only patients with complete tumor grade information were included (n = 1,879).
b)Only patients with complete tumor stage information were included (n = 4,296).