Table. 4.

Cox proportional-hazards model for overall mortality

Variable Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis
Crude hazard ratio (95% CI) p-value Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) p-value
Sex
Female Reference
Male 0.97 (0.92–1.05) 0.52
Race
White Reference Reference
Black or African American 1.13 (0.99–1.29) 0.06 1.25 (0.94–1.66) 0.12
Asian/American Indian/other 0.98 (0.89–1.06) 0.51 1.16 (0.96–1.40) 0.12
Age at diagnosis (every 1 year increase) 1.023 (1.02–1.03) < 0.001 1.02 (1.01–1.03) < 0.001
Year of diagnosis
2004–2007 Reference Reference
2008–2011 0.97 (0.90–1.06) 0.55 0.94 (0.77–1.14) 0.37
2012–2015 0.91 (0.84–0.99) < 0.05 0.88 (0.72–1.07) 0.13
Tumor size (every 1 mm increase) 1.003 (1.002–1.003) < 0.001 1.003 (1.0008–1.005) 0.008
Tumor location
Intrahepatic Reference Reference
Perihilar 0.99 (0.93–1.07) 0.98 1.15 (0.95–1.40) 0.94
Distal 0.84 (0.75–0.93) < 0.002 1.01 (0.79–1.29) 0.09
Clinical stage
Stage 1 Reference Reference
Stage 2 1.05 (0.93–1.18) 0.43 1.31 (1.30–2.03) < 0.001
Stage 3 1.31 (1.16–1.47) < 0.001 2.67 (2.11–3.38) < 0.001
Stage 4 2.60 (2.35–2.87) < 0.001 5.81 (4.55–7.42) < 0.001
Grade
Well differentiated (Grade 1) Reference Reference
Moderately differentiated (Grade 2) 1.13 (0.93–1.38) 0.21 0.98 (0.77–1.26) 0.92
Poorly differentiated (Grade 3) 1.70 (1.39–2.07) < 0.01 1.41 (1.10–1.81) 0.007
Undifferentiated/anaplastic (Grade 4) 2.18 (1.42–3.32) < 0.01 1.21 (0.66–2.20) 0.54
Surgery
No surgery Reference Reference
Received surgery 0.29 (0.26–0.31) < 0.001 0.36 (0.30–0.43) < 0.001
Chemotherapy
No/unknown Reference Reference
Yes 0.60 (0.56–0.64) < 0.001 0.53 (0.45–0.64) < 0.001
Radiation
No/unknown Reference Reference
Yes 0.62 (0.56–0.67) < 0.001 1.06 (0.92–1.35) 0.29
MHI percentile
Bottom 25th Reference Reference
Upper 75th 0.82 (0.76–0.89) < 0.001 0.74 (0.62–0.89) < 0.002

CI, confidence interval; MHI, median household income.
Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2024;28:144-54 https://doi.org/10.14701/ahbps.23-136
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